MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE WITH EMPHASIS ON INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY MEASURES
(A STUDY OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATIONS IN ENUGU STATE)
ABSTRACT
This research work, examined the management of employee welfare with emphasis on industrial accidents and safety measures. A study of selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State. The objectives of the study include to: find out how provision of protection equipment reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State, ascertain the relationship between making use of operating manual and reduction of industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State, determine how training of employees reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State and assess how regular service of machines reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State. The research method adopted by the researcher was the survey research method. The major instrument of data collection was the questionnaire. The sources of data used were the primary and secondary sources of data. The population of the study was 717 while the sample size of 257 was determined using the Taro Yamane’s formula. The data collected was presented in tables of frequencies, percentages using the five point likert scale. The hypotheses were tested using the chi-square distribution formula. The findings include that Provision of protection equipment reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State, There is a relationship between making use of operating manual and reduction of industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State, Training of employees reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State and Regular service of machines reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State. The researcher concluded that management is not complete without the management of employee welfare and it was then recommended that organizations should provide protection equipment for their employees, Management of organizations should provide operating manual for their employees, management of organizations should train their employees on safety measures and organizations should give priority to training of their employees to reduce industrial accidents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study                        
1.2     Statement of the Problem                        
1.3     Objectives of the Study                         
1.4     Research Questions                            
1.5     Research Hypotheses                         
1.6     Significance of the Study                        
1.7    Scope of the Study                             
1.8    Limitations of the Study                        
1.9    Historical Background of the Study                
1.10    Operational Definition of Terms                    
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1    Conceptual Framework of the Study                
2.2     Theoretical Framework of the Study                
2.3     Empirical Review                             
2.4 Summary of Review of Related Literature            
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1    Research Design                            
3.2    Area of the Study                            
3.3    Sources of Data                            
3.3.1    Primary Sources                            
3.3.2 Secondary Sources                            
3.4     Population of the Study                        
3.5    Sample Size Determination                     
3.6     Sampling Procedure                            
3.7    Sample Size Distribution                        
3.8    Methods of Data Collection                    
3.9    Validity of the Instrument                     
3.10    Reliability of the Instrument                    
3.11     Technique of Data Analysis                    
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1    Data Presentation and Analysis                 
4.2    Bio-Data                                    
4.3     Data Relating To Research Questions            
4.3.1 Research Question One                        
4.3.2 Research Question Two                        
4.3.3 Research Question Three                        
4.3.4 Research Question Four                        
4.4    Test of Hypotheses                            
4.4.1 Test of Hypothesis One                        
4.4.2 Test of Hypothesis Two                        
4.4.3 Test of Hypothesis Three                        
4.4.4 Test of Hypothesis Four                        
4.5    Discussion of Findings                         
4.5.1 Discussion Based on Hypothesis One            
4.5.2: Discussion Based on Hypothesis Two            
4.5.3: Discussion Based on Hypothesis Three            
4.5.4 Discussion Based on Hypothesis Four            
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1    Summary of Findings                         
5.2     Conclusion                                 
5.3     Recommendations                             
5.4    Contribution to Knowledge                     
5.5     Suggestions for further Research                
List of References                             
Appendix                                    
Questionnaire                                
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    Background of the Study
    The industrial revolution of the mid 18th century significantly changed the world of work, by the introduction of machines. Work moved away from being predominantly agricultural (based on peasantry and subsistence system of production) to factory system of production (Philip, 2013). The factory system of production need four categories of inputs: money to finance operation, machines to produce goods and services, men to operate the machines and managements to put every other thing together. Machines are complex pieces of equipment, which a worker has to master to operate. The worker operating the machine usually not the inventor or designer (like under the domestic or craft system of production). A situation arises where the machines, which work at considerable speed inflict injuries to workers.
    In the words of Umoh (2013) the general perception, is that Nigeria is aspiring become an industrialized economy. Hence, the ban on importation of certain goods. The attendant effect of this aspiration is that it will offer employment opportunities, to the unemployed. The unfortunate thing about this increased opportunity for employment is that many of those employed will be having their first experience and are exposed to machines, fast moving assembly lines, overhead cranes, etc without adequate training. This situation exposes the workers to accidents and injuries.
    According to Torbira (2014), the awareness and safety consciousness that is imperative in industrialization is lacking in Nigeria. in the developed and highly industrialized countries, industrial safety awareness and movement have been in existence right from the days of the industrial revolution. Furthermore, there is a growing manifestation of apathy on the part of employers for the safety of the employees in the workplace. In effect, there is still a disparity between employers’ avowed concern for a safe workplace and its realization. Could it be that accidents are natural consequences of industrialization? This is very unfortunate, industrial injuries and deaths need not be accepted or regarded as an incredible price to pay for industrial process.
    To Adekunle (2015), a review of industrial accident literature reveals that most studies have been carried out to analyze industrial accident in isolation from productivity. It is observed that industrial accidents reduce productivity and increase the cost of production. In an attempt to reduce industrial accidents, organizations put in place necessary safety practices. Safety practice is concerned with the behavior of employees with regard to the rules regulations, policies and conducts that shape or govern their actions and inactions or activities in the workplace in order to reduce or even eliminate accidental losses and injuries and maximized the nominated objective of the organization.
    Adeogun (2014), states that for people to work effectively in an organization, emphasis on industrial accident and safety, should be made. The welfare of the employee should be placed upper most among other priorities. In this then it could be said that management is not complete without the management of employee welfare. The relationship between safety practices and employees productivity performance may have been well documented for other businesses in other economies, but the same cannot be said of the manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Hence, this study sets out to examine management of employee welfare with emphasis on industrial accidents and safety measures with selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State as a case study.
1.2    Statement of the Problem
    Accidents are mishaps and may result in damage to property, injury or death. Management of employees’ welfare, especially as regards safety measures is important in an organization and the consequences of not adopting these safety measures will have an adverse effect on the working capacity of the workers. If the disabled worker is highly skilled and an experienced one, this loss is greater. Another effect is that the health of the worker will be affected which will result in decrease in productivity and profit in the organization.
The effect of not managing employees welfare can result in industrial accidents. Many manufacturing organizations in Nigeria have recorded instances of industrial accidents and this has seriously affected the productivity of such organizations.
Furthermore, when employees welfare are not managed as regards industrial accidents and safety measures, it can lead to health problems. Many employees of manufacturing organizations have experienced one sickness or the other. It may be serious that it can lead to death like in cancer.
Moreover, organizations without adequate employees welfare find it difficult to attract highly skilled workers. This is because these workers are in high demand, and they will like to work for organizations were their safety is guaranteed.     
1.3    Objectives of the Study
    The general objective of the study was to examine management of employees’ welfare with emphasis on industrial accidents and safety measures. However, the specific objectives include:
1.    To find out how provision of protection equipment reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
2.    To ascertain the relationship between making use of operating manual and reduction of industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
3.    To determine how training of employees reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
4.    To assess how regular service of machines reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State
1.4    Research Question
    The research questions were raised based on the objectives of the study.
1.    How does provision of protection equipment reduce industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State?
2.    What is the relationship between making use of operating manual and reduction of industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State?
3.    How does training of employees reduce industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State?
4.    How does regular service of machines reduce industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State?
1.5    Research Hypotheses  
    Based on the research questions, the following hypotheses were formulated.
Hypothesis One
H0:    Provision of protection equipment does not reduce industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
H1:    Provision of protection equipment reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
Hypothesis Two
H0:    There is no relationship between making use of operating manual and reduction of industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
H1:    There is relationship between making use of operating manual and reduction of industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
Hypothesis Three
H0:    Training of employees does not reduce industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
H1:    Training of employees reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
Hypothesis Four
H0:    Regular service of machines does not reduce industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State.
H1:    Regular service of machines reduces industrial accidents in the selected manufacturing organizations in Enugu State    
1.6    Significance of the Study
    The management and employees of manufacturing organizations will benefit from this study. They will be more enlightened on the safety measures necessary to keep their workers safe. The researcher, the university and other stakeholders in the manufacturing sector will benefit. The researcher will benefit because the research work is a pre-requisite for the award of a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) degree in Business Administration, ESUT. The universities will benefit as the research work increases their data bank. The research will also serve as reference materials for further research on this topic.  
1.7    Scope of the Study
    This research work covered management of employees’ welfare, with emphasis on industrial accidents and safety measures. The organizations covered were Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited, Juhel pharmaceuticals and Alo Aluminium Manufacturing Company, all in Enugu East Local Government Area.
1.8    Limitations of the Study
Uncooperative Attitude of the Respondents: The members of staff of the three selected manufacturing companies were economical with information. They, are the initial approach, thought the researcher was sent by their employers to get information which could be used to victimize them.
Time:  This was my biggest challenge as a student. It was not easy combining the lecture time, working, cooking for self, going to library to study and trying to meet up with other domestic and official issues most of the time, the particular staff will not be on seat to attend to me. Though, the firms’ managers at last helped to ensure that my objective was achieved.
1.9 Historical Background of the Study
1.9.1 Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited
 Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Limited Produces the best plastic products in the country. Products includes chairs, jerry cans, drums, motorcycle parts etc. Innoson Technical and Industrial company limited is a subsidiary  of Innoson Group of Companies and was incorporated in 2002 with its Head Office/Factory situated at plot W/l Industrial layout, Emene, Enugu state, Nigeria. Full scale operations and production commenced in October 2002. It is an indigenous blue chip company engaged in the manufacturing of plastic chairs, tables, trays, plates, spoons, cups Jerry cans of different sizes and many other allied products.
Since inception, this company ranks the biggest plastic industry in Nigeria. It produces the highest quality range of plastic products of international standard and has a production over 10,000 pieces of chairs and tables per day. Due to the rapid demand of these products, the company’s twelve production lines of injection moulds have since been increased with tremendous and near perfect production lines of international standard.
It was also established to further consolidate our leading position in the motorcycle industry by producing the motorcycle plastic requirement of Innoson Technical and Industrial company limited which is a sister company. This effort was in direct response to the Federal Government  policy direction towards encouraging private sector as the engine of growth for the economy.
The company has an annual turnover of 3.6 billion naira. The company also has a foreign partner in china named CRETEC Industries Company Limited, whose wealth of experience is unquantifiable.
Innoson Group of Companies was incorporated in 2002 and has many subsidiaries including: Innoson Nigeria Limited, manufacturers of vicarious kinds of motorcycles and tricycles, based in industrial city of Nnewi, Anambra state: Innoson Technical and Industrial company limited.  Manufacturers of all kinds of plastic and allied products, based in Enugu which the researcher used as a case study.
1.9.2 Juhel Pharmaceuticals Nigeria Limited
Juhel Pharmaceuticals Nigeria Limited is a 100% indigenous company incorporated in 1987 with certificate of incorporation 104648 as a wholesale pharmaceutical company. In answer to calls for local provision of cost effective generic products to fill the gap left by multinational companies, operating in the country, the founder Dr. Ifeanyi Okoye, OFR, Mni, with a focused vision ventured into production, and the factory was commissioned in 1989, as the first pharmaceutical table manufacturing company in old Anambra State.
    The company is ranked as one of the fastest growing pharmaceutical company in Nigeria and west Africa. With 100 registered regulated products, their brands and products range have grown in strength. These include virtually all therapeutic classes, such as antibiotics and effective, cardio-vascular, anti-diabetics, anti-malaria, cough and cold, vitamins and minerals, anxiolytics, anti-histamines, analgesics, antacids, anti-flatulent and also bottled mineral water and most recently, intravenous infusions and parenterals. The company maintains high quality standards in all its operations. With high production capacity, the policy thrust is to continue to provide cost effective, affordable alternatives of life saving drugs to the teeming population.  
1.9.3  Alo Aluminum Manufacturing Company (Nigeria) Ltd
    Alo Aluminum Manufacturing Company (Nigerian) Ltd has gradually become a household name in Aluminum industry, since its inception on the 12th of September 1990. The company has branches in Enugu and Port-Harcourt. The Enugu factory is alone Enugu-Abakaliki express road. The company is involved in the manufacturing of Long span Roofing sheets, oven Baked coloured coil and step tile roofing sheets. The company has carefully studied the Nigeria situation and has come up with products and ideas that are calculated to meet up the rising levels of customer sophistication in the roofing industry.
    The company recognizes the absolute requirement of their clients in getting efficient, effective and reliable services associated with manufacturing Aluminum coil, step tile roofing sheet, long span roofing sheet and professional installation of international standards.
    In meeting with these formidable challenges, coupled with the belief that living under neat, hygienic and durable roof is an integral part of healthy living and beautifying the environment, Alo Aluminum has as a result of the above, structured its operations and professional work forces with a view to giving clients the best services that include speedy door to door delivery and professional installation of international standard that has indeed made them the No 1. Roofers of the people.
1.0 Operational Definition of Terms
Management: Management is the process of getting things done, through and with people.
Employee Welfare: This can be seen as everything, such as facilities, benefits and services that an employer provides or does to ensure comfort of the employees.
Industrial Accident: This is a mishap resulting in damage to property and/or injury or death to persons incurred during working for an organization.
Safety Measures: These are measures taken by the management of an organization to ensure the safety of the workers.